word of wisdom brigham young

Brigham, in a second vote, then called on all the boys who were under ninety years of age who would covenant to leave off the use of tobacco, whisky, and all things mentioned in the Word of Wisdom, to manifest it in the same manner (emphasis in original). Do you think that my mind is less active and clear . The Word of Wisdom, Etc., by Brigham Young (Journal of Discourses 12: Abraham O. Smoot, later a Salt Lake City bishop and stake president in Utah County, recalled that around their campfires Latter-day Saint pioneers often drank tea and coffee and used tobacco.26, Regulation in Early Utah. 4. Brigham Young's Word of Wisdom Legacy Paul H. Peterson and Ronald W. Walker During Jesus Christ the thirty-three of Latter-day years Saints, that Brigham 1844-77, Young he set led the The Church Church on of a Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 1844-77, he set the Church on a course of following the Word of Wisdom to the letter. Such casual Saints would bring the curse of God upon them, and they would be sorry for their acts.116, The reform of 186769 changed as it continued. PDF The Origin of the Word of Wisdom - JSTOR For example, see Woodruff, Wilford Woodruffs Journal, 3:148, April 14, 1847; 3:210, June 20, 1847. 72. A similar chronology may have existed in Wales. For one thing, preaching in support of the reform moved from establishing an ideal of social order to stressing the financial advantages of compliance to abstaining for moral and health imperatives. During the thirty-three years that Brigham Young led The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, 184477, he set the Church on a course of following the Word of Wisdom to the letter. Concerning tobacco, he wrote Hyde, make yourself comfortable by chewing and smoking all you wish until you come home, and then we will talk it over.76. However, President Youngs declining attention to the Word of Wisdom was more than a preoccupation with other policies. 28. While the catechism had more than two dozen questions, only one had to do with the Word of Wisdom; predictably, it was, Have you been intoxicated with strong drink?81 In sum, only drunkenness had achieved Word of Wisdom taboo status, and probably only repeated public drunkenness might place a man or a womans membership at risk. The items named in the epistle were imported from the East and therefore drained the territory of scarce money. we wish to suppress all grogshops, gambling houses, and all other disorderly houses or proceedings in our city, and to tolerate no intemperance or vice in our midst.20, Observance on the Trail. Given the emphasis on the Word of Wisdom over the years, it is surprising that there has been little work on its origins.1 Tradi tional histories on the Word of Wisdom have generally accepted the recollection of Brigham Young (described below). It was also a time of institutional growth with the reorganization of the Churchs local wards and stakes. At one of the opening sessions of the conference, President Young pled with Latter-day Saint women to build the latter-day kingdom by eschewing tea and coffee and by not letting their children drink tea or coffee.106 Church compliance, he understood, required the support of the leaders of the Church, which was lacking. . 116. 60. Lender and Martin, Drinking in America, 14, 46; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Apparant Per Capita Ethanol Consumption for the United States, 18502000, http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/databases/consum01.htm. Mormon men picked up the challenge, and a regular melee broke out. Brigham Young, in Journal of Discourses, 2:17, July 24, 1854. See Eli B. Kelsey, Letter to Editor, Millennial Star 11 (July 1, 1849): 201. The Journey of Lifelong Learning | Religious Studies Center How came this City into existence? Saints were expected to do better.58, By late 1854, the arrival in Utah of 160 soldiers and 130 civilian auxiliaries under the command of Colonel Edward J. Steptoe prodded another attempt to assert social control. There has been no coercion used, he wrote, no covenants required; the principle has been set forth and the people seemed prepared to receive and carry it out willingly.112, Another of President Youngs letters gave added detail. Another delay in compliance was the policy that excused the aged from obeying the Word of Wisdom and that upheld proscribed items as occasionally useful and medicinal. I do not drink tea, coffee, nor intoxicating drinks. 21. "An Historical Analysis of the Word of Wisdom" by Paul H. Peterson Civil licenses to make and sell alcoholic beverages, present since colonial times, were being used increasingly by United States temperance workers to control consumption.31, Brighams sermons indicate that the hope of a more faithful Word of Wisdom observance never seemed far from his mind. . 52. With tempers rising, local Gentiles appealed to U.S. officers in Salt Lake City and Washington, D.C., for protection. Whatever the periodic rhetorical flourishes of Brigham and other Church leaders, the Utah pioneer era apparently saw no official Church action taken against any member for a Word of Wisdom violation except public and disorderly drunkenness. However, at Kirtland and at Nauvoo, the first-generation Mormons insisted that their towns be orderly and filled with virtue. Brigham Young to Franklin D. Richards, January 7, 1868, Brigham Young Letterbooks. Brigham Young, Sermon, General Church Minutes, April 30, 1865. Mormons frequently noted the U.S. appointees and army officers drinking, which may have been prompted by the loneliness of their Utah stations. In the past, the Saints had continued their use of proscribed items by rationalizing that they were required as medicine. There remained the question of liberty and Mormon uneasiness about dictating social conditions, including to nonLatter-day Saints. The Right and Authority of President Brigham Young. Upon learning that William Tubbs was bringing whiskey into the newly founded Great Salt Lake City community, Brigham ordered the seizure of the liquor. Journal History of the Church, July 24, 1854, 8. During the years 186769, he began perhaps the Churchs most earnest and sustained drive for Word of Wisdom reform to date. Traveler William Chandless, after eating dinner with a Mormon family in 1855, commented on the absence of tea and coffee but observed that, although the Saints had a health code, this was the only family he had seen that while rich enough to disobey, followed the advice.77 Jules Remy and Julius Brenchley, European observers who were also in the city in 1855, noted that moderate use, not abstinence, was the ideal. 89. A complicating factor is that the Word of Wisdom is not easily read and interpreted. When the Brigham Young administration began, the Saints strived to obey the health code by being moderate users of its proscribed substances and by avoiding public drunkenness. 3-4 The Word of Wisdom began to be required of people who wanted to enter the holy temple about a century after it was received. Woodruff, Wilford Woodruffs Journal, 5:27980, January 28, 1859. 80. Finally, how insistent would the Church be about obedience? Obeying the Gospel--Recreation--Individual Development. The popular and possibly most influential food reformer in the 1830s, Sylvester Graham (famous for the Graham cracker), voiced concern not only about alcohol and tobacco but also about such things as coffee, tea, pepper, mustard, and every other kind of artificial stimulants and narcotics.11, Obviously, the Word of Wisdom came in a time of widespread health and social reform. Liquors effects upon society when it is used as an intoxicating drink is so injurious that the benefits derived from it as a medicine will not justify this community in tolerating its manufacture.70 By early spring 1855, liquor was apparently relatively difficult to come by. Although the earliest prepublication manuscripts of the Word of Wisdom treat these verses as part of the original revelation, these documents were written months after the receipt of the Word of Wisdom. See also Summary of Remarks by President B. Young, Millennial Star 29 (December 7, 1867): 775; Woodruff, Wilford Woodruffs Journal, 6:371, October 8, 1867. Brigham Young (/ b r m /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader and politician. Many had made sacrifices for their acceptance of the gospel. 34. For President Youngs part, his Word of Wisdom labor had been difficult and without dramatic success. William Chandless, AVisit to Salt Lake: Being a Journey across the Plains and a Residence in the Mormon Settlements at Utah (London: Smith, Elder, 1857), 22829. The Word of Wisdom "Section 89, The Word of Wisdom," Doctrine and Covenants Student Manual (2002), 206-11 Historical Background President Brigham Young said: "I think I am as well acquainted with the circumstances which led to the giving of the Word of Wisdom as any man in the Church, although I was not present at the time to witness them. . If not the older folk, Church leaders reasoned, perhaps the youth might reject the unhappy and unholy legacies of their parents and grandparents. . Their ingrained social customs and personal habits, in turn, made it difficult for them to accept a firmer interpretation. Also see Carol Cornwall Madsen and Susan Staker Oman, Sisters and Little Saints: One Hundred Years of Primary (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1979), 1617, 14849. Ilike it a little myself but can[]t get it now.71 The ideal that most Mormons continued to uphold was the moderate or rational use of alcoholif only other Mormons could be wise in their conduct. When Book of Mormon witness and Missouri Church leader David Whitmer was later asked about the cause for his disaffiliation with the Church, he responded, Iwas appointed in charge of church affairs in Zion Missouri, but from my teachings disaffection grew. According to Whitmer, some of the difficulties ensued when Joseph [Smith] and Sydney [Rigdon] came out and visited the various branches of the church [in Missouri] pledging them to themselves as against my teachings upon the word of wisdom and other matters. Zenas H. Gurley, Interview, January 14, 1885, Richmond, Missouri, Gurley Collection, Church Archives, cited in Lyndon W. Cook, ed., David Whitmer Interviews: ARestoration Witness (Provo, Utah: Grandin Book, 1991), 152. 139. One English branch elected to live the Word of Wisdom completely and use the funds saved from such expenditures to aid emigration. In short, the Saints seemed to have understood that while Brother Brigham had taken a firm stance on obeying the revelation, his celebrated (and often exaggerated) pulpit languagein this case using the threat of excommunication for nonobserversreached beyond his actual policy. (Salt Lake City: Bookcraft, 196570), 1:242. 59. Moreover, it was not as though the Saints conduct was discreditable. Brigham Young, Sermon, Church General Minutes, May 13, 1876. Elder Cannon said that swines flesh should be entirely abstained from, while Brigham Young, presumably speaking after Cannon, noted that it was the will of the Lord that his people should cease eating swines flesh. History of the Church, April 6, 1868, 1839[ca. Brigham believed that in due time the Saints would begin to realize that their understanding of Joseph Smiths revelation had been meager. Drunken soldiers provoked a clash on Salt Lake Citys Main Street (nicknamed Hell-Street or Whiskey-Street because of its growing reputation for disorder) by making belittling remarks about nearby Mormon ladies. They had converted, emigrated, colonized, proselytized, and begun raising a new generation of Saints. Brigham Young to L.D. Rudd, June 8, 1867, Brigham Young Letterbooks. The traveling communitysoldiers and travelersaugmented by a rising population of nonLatter-day Saint residents demanded liquor, and the city tried to control it so that all who are weak may not abuse themselves with it.95 The feeble certainly included Church members. For example, see the observations of Richard F. Burton, City of the Saints and Across the Rocky Mountains to California (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1862), 239; William Hepworth Dixon, New America, 2vols. As the Deseret News suggested in an editorial in the middle 1850s, it was the actions of a comparative few that caused consternationafew whisky and beer sellers, and . General Church Minutes, November 19, 1854. Have I not always counselled you right? The possibility of a financial motive is strengthened by a close reading of the various diaries and minutes of the September conference; they, too, appear to give emphasis to prohibitions of imported products. President Young also began to improve the opportunities for education in the territory and directed the completion of the first temple in Utah, at St.George.
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