who wrote the petrine doctrine

Christ used a play on words. The historical actualization of this biblical principle raises the fiercely debated question of the legitimacy of any historical establishment of authority based on claims of the evidence of history as unfolding the will of God. If any layman put away his wife and marry another, or one who has been divorced by another man, let him be excommunicated. [47], Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock and it shall be opened unto you: For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. . If any presbyter, despising his own bishop, shall collect a separate congregation, and erect another altar, not having any grounds for condemning the bishop with regard to religion or justice, let him be deposed for his ambition; for he is a tyrant; in like manner also the rest of the clergy, and as many as join him; and let laymen be excommunicated. He held a council in Rome in 863, which presumed to have Photius deposedalong with all the clergy he had ordained in the preceding five years!and Ignatius was proclaimed as the legitimate patriarch of Constantinople. Canon LXXIX. Of special note in this Matthean pericope are the keys given to Peter with the power to bind and loose which motif has a rich backdrop in the rabbinic literature for governmental powers. For the law has forbidden this. The King James Bible reading of "stone" in John 1:42 ("which is by interpretation, A stone") carefully avoids using the reading "rock" only in this one verse of the New Testament, apparently for doctrinal reasons. And this must be done not of his own accord, but by the judgment of many bishops, and at their earnest exhortation. Catholics maintain that there is a significant distinction here, and that the previous occasion in Matthew 16:18 is a specific fulfillment of the prophesy in Isaiah 22:22 pointing to one man, not many. Pope Nicholas I proceeded to seize this opportunity to interfere in the affairs of the Church of Constantinople, in order to try to demonstrate that the Papacy had legitimate authority over the Eastern Churches as well as the Church in the West. Canon XXXV. For Catholic academic statements concerning Peters preeminence in the New Testament see Heinrich Fries, Fundamental Theology (Catholic University of America Press, 1996); Pheme Perkins, Peter: Apostle for the Whole Church (T&T Clark, 2000); Rudolf Schnackenburg, The Gospel of Matthew (Eerdmans, 2002); Daniel J. Harrington, The Gospel of Matthew (Sac Pag; Michael Glazier Books, 2007); for Protestant evaluations which conclude for Peters special role among the Apostles see O. Cullmann, , , TDNT; S. J. Grenz, Revisioning Evangelical Theology: A Fresh Agenda for the 21st Century (IVP, 1993), p. 178; J. D. G. Dunn, Jesus and the Spirit: A Study of the Religious and Charismatic Experience of Jesus and the First Christians as Reflected in the New Testament (Eerdmans, 1997), p. 125 ff. [42] In September, 1870, according to the Catholic Encyclopedia article "Old Catholics"[43], nearly 1400 Germans issued a declaration, Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility, in which they repudiated the dogma of Infallibility "as an innovation contrary to the traditional faith of the Church". None of them has denied that Jesus is the Christ, none of them has denied the Father and the Son, none of them has denied that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh, each of them dogmatically confessing that Jesus Christ has indeed come in the flesh, and therefore none of them is or has been the antichrist. A bishop must not, out of favour to a brother or a son, or any other relation, ordain whom he will to the episcopal dignity; for it is not right to make heirs of the bishopric, giving the things of God to human affections. Canon XLII. Such a concept came in time and with the Spirits guidance in Gods people, reflected already in seed form in the New Testament and fully realized through the centuries. Let a bishop be ordained by two or three bishops. Let the private goods of the bishop, if he have any such, and those of the Lord, be clearly distinguished, that the bishop may have the power of leaving his own goods, when he dies, to whom he will, and how he will, and that the bishop's own property may not be lost under pretence of its being the property of the Church: for it may be that he has a wife, or children, or relations, or servants; and it is just before God and man, that neither should the Church suffer any loss through ignorance of the bishop's own property, nor the bishop or his relations be injured under pretext of the Church: nor that those who belong to him should be involved in contests, and cast reproaches upon his death. Again, the earliest patristic fathers understood this text as referring to those who would later hold the same leadership positions in the Church (the bishops) and their responsibility to guard the flock from heresy, contra Cullmanns influential work Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr which moved to argue that Peters special position among the college of the Apostles did not transfer down to anyone but died out with him. The majority of non-Catholic Christians who have carefully studied the Bible have been persuaded by what they see in the Bible, and by the arguments of Protestant apologists based on the Protestant Reformation, and by their conscience, that the Primacy of Peter is an heretical doctrine, fraught with danger to the integrity of the purity of a saving Christian faith. Others hold that the church is built on Peter and the other apostles as the buildings foundation stones (Eph. Canon LXXXIII. B. Bruce, Synoptic Gospels, p. 158; Carson (which I cited above); Fenton, Matthew, p. 151-52; Grundmann, Matthaus, p. 287; Meier, Matthew, p. 104; Plummer (which I cite above); McNeile, Matthew, p. 131; Tasker, Matthew, p. 106. Luke 22:57-58, "But he denied it, saying, "Woman, I do not know Him." 2. a rock, i.e. The answer could be found in any standard history of dogma which properly explains Mariology. Let the bishop have the care of all the goods of the Church, and let him administer them as under the inspection of God. Protestant commentator John Nolland in the respected NIGTC series, The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text (Eerdmans, 2005), p. 179 notes on our text, That Peter is the first called accords with the prominence he is given in the larger telling of Matthews story. David L. Turner in the recent entry on Matthew in the Protestant Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament series (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2008), p. 136 comments with a keen eye on this text, It is not coincidental that Peter is the first disciple who responds to the call of Jesus, since Peter is prominent throughout Matthew, especially in 16:13-28.. 1 / 32 Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by sbaquerizomoreno Terms in this set (32) The Petrine Doctrine implies the authority of the bishop of Rome over the other bishops Justinian's code is important because together with the Justinian's Digest and Institutes, it becomes the basis for civil law in almost every modern This document is in the public domain.[3]. Canon LXVI. [boldface emphasis added], Canon LXXV. Unless indeed this be done upon a special manifestation of Divine grace in his favour. (XXXI.) - Canon Law Made Easy (canonlawmadeeasy.com), The Old Catholic Church (theoldcatholicchurch), http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11235b.htm. Many, however, do not realize that neither the Bible nor history support such an assertion of papal authority. Others have not found Catholic apologetics persuasive, mainly on biblical grounds. If any accusation be brought against a believer of fornication or adultery, or any forbidden action, and he be convicted, let him not be promoted to the clergy. The third largest is the Anglican Communion. Though invested with authority in verse 19, Peter is not thereby given supreme authority over the church universal. He was often the spokesman for the group (Matthew 16:1316), and he gave the first sermon on Pentecost (Acts 2). Canon II. For a brief article that summarizes (even Protestant) modern consensus on the rock of Mat 16:18 as referring to Peter see R. E. Aguirre, s in the Triple Tradition: Matthew 16:18 in Particular, Paradoseis Journal 2 (2009). Afterward, the evidence of history showed that it was not. These long-standing warnings are coming alive today! This is another example of the principle of historical fulfillment. Later in 867, Basil I the Macedonian (r. 867886) usurped the throne from Emperor Michael III, who was assassinated. From Christ and through S. Peter the priesthood is handed on in perpetuity. After an excellent and comprehensive discussion surrounding nearly all the exegetical problems surrounding the pericope they conclude that the best view is that which associates the rock with Peter (ad loc). For a good succinct discussion of these issues see Daniel J. Harrington, The Church According to the New Testament: What the Wisdom and Witness of Early Christianity Teach Us Today (Sheed & Ward, 2001). For standard Catholic defenses of Roman Papal Petrine Primacy throughout the ages see for example; Joseph Ratzinger, Primacy, Episcopate, and Apostolic Succession, in The Episcopate and the Primacy (Freiberg: Herder, 1962); Kenneth Baker, Fundamentals of Catholicism, Vol. If any of the clergy insult a presbyter, or deacon, let him be excommunicated. This power is also given to the college of the Apostles (Matt 18:18). On His Birthday, Iii: Delivered On The Anniversary Of His Elevation To The Pontificate. If they be poor let him relieve them as poor; but let him not, under that pretence, sell the goods of the Church. Old Testament parallels show that God gave to particular men divine authority to act, and that He obeyed their word: The controversy over divine authority is a key doctrinal issue in the Protestant Reformation.[21]. The Petrine Doctrine - It's Just History - Smith College Isaiah 51:1-2; Jeremiah 1:18-19. When the Lord and Peter first met, Jesus had said Simon would be named Cephas (Aram. If anyone has a devil, let him not be made a clergyman, neither let him pray with the faithful; but if he be freed, let him be received into communion, and if he is worthy he may be ordained. Peter expresses this in 1 Peter 2:4 when he addressed the believers who had been dispersed around the ancient world: Coming to Him as to a living stone, rejected indeed by men, but chosen by God and precious, you also, as living stones, are being built up a spiritual house, a holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ.. This Holy See has always maintained this, the constant custom of the Church demonstrates it, and the ecumenical councils, particularly those in which East and West met in the union of faith and charity, have declared it. 1 Pet 5:1-2). For another excellent discussion of John 21 in correlation with Peter and his leadership role in the early Church see Michael Labahn, Peters Rehabilitation (John 21:15-19) and the Adoptions of Sinners: Remembering Jesus and Relecturing John, in John, Jesus and History, Volume 1: Critical Appraisals of Critical Views (SBL, 2007). But not all Protestant commentators deny the efficacy of Peters shadow, see F. F. Bruce, The Book of the Acts (NICNT; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1986), p. 109; G. Schneider, EDNT. (XXX.) See A Little Catechism on Sedevacantism - Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) (archives.sspx). Even Christians are "living stones" lithoi 1Peter 2:4-5. The New Testament does not link Peter with Rome, and it mentions no successor to Peter. Peter received this authority, according to the theory, when Jesus referred to him as the . See Peter the Rock, by Tim Staples (catholic.com) Holy Saturday], let him be deposed. Canon LXXXII. See further on this historical fulfillment as divinely guided historical contingency most recently in Richard J. Neuhaus, Catholic Matters: Confusion, Controversy, and the Splendor of Truth (Basic Books, 2007). This is why the Roman claim for power based on Peter's supposed primacy has never been accepted by the Eastern Orthodox churches, and why it was rejected by the Protestant reformers (see Civilization Past & Present, Wallbank, p. 133). An example is an Eastern Orthodox treatment of Peters primacy in the New Testament which gives a good overview of the NT particulars but gives a radically different conclusion; Peter is not given any special kind of prominence over the other Apostles in the New Testament nor in the earliest patristic records, Veselin Kesich, Peters Primacy in the New Testament and the Early Tradition, in The Primacy of Peter: Essays in Ecclesiology in the Early Church (St. Vladimirs Seminary Press, 1992). This means leadership, not necessarily juridical authority. Unfortunately, we can consider the issues raised by todays passage only in brief. If any one reads publicly in the church the falsely inscribed [pseudepigrapha] books of impious men, as if they were holy Scripture, to the destruction of the people and clergy, let him be deposed. If any bishop obtain possession of a church by the aid of the temporal powers, let him be deposed and excommunicated, and all who communicate with him. Let not a bishop, presbyter, or deacon, put away his wife under pretence of religion; but if he put her away, let him be excommunicated; and if he persists, let him be deposed. - Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry, multiple commentaries on Revelation 21:14, https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=nasb&strongs=g4074, https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?t=nasb&strongs=g2786. If Christ declared Himself to be the cornerstone, how could Peter be the rock upon which the church was built? Something went wrong. The "primacy of Peter" doctrine asserts that Jesus gave Peter, and Peter's successors, authority to function as the sole custodians of true Christian teachingand as Pope Benedict asserted, "This primacy is for all time" (ibid. See the interlinear text of 1 Peter 2:5, lithoi, See also: Protestantism and Protestant Reformation. petra; a prim. There is a sense in which the apostles played a foundational role in the building of the church (Ephesians 2:20), but the role of primacy is reserved for Christ alone, not assigned to Peter. add: or if his virilia have been amputated] in times of persecution, or if he has been born so, if in other respects he is worthy, may be made a bishop. On His Birthday, Iii: Delivered On The Anniversary Of His Elevation To The Pontificate. Canon XLIII. To make this point, he decided to try to have Ignatius restored as patriarch of Constantinople. Peter refused homage when it was offered (Acts 10:2526); no one kissed his ring. There are four major points of doctrine which Orthodoxy regards as heresies of Rome illicitly defended by the Patriarch of the West, the Pope.
University Hills Elementary School Website, Northeast Wichita Restaurants, Demographics Of Texas State University, The Roundhouse Wedding, Holland America Tulips, Articles W