The third office is that of teacher, which may be the same as that of pastorteacher (see Eph. for which I was appointed a preacher and an apostle and a teacher. We are led then to the conclusion that the true differentia of the New Testament apostleship lay in the missionary calling implied in the name, and that all whose lives were devoted to this vocation, and who could prove by the issues of their labors that God's Spirit was working through them for the conversion of Jew or Gentile, were regarded and described as apostles. This qualification is revealed in Acts 1:24-26 when the apostles asked God to direct the lots. Teach Us about Faith? Their witness to Christ was not only empowered, but also guided and validated by the Spirit ( John 14:26 ). Why Is it Important to Remember That Jesus Was Jewish? Their number implies that they were destined primarily to work among the children of Israel. The other divinely appointed offices are those of evangelist and pastor, or pastorteacher (Eph. In 1Corinthians 9:1 Paul is meeting his Judaizing opponents on their own ground, and answering their insistence upon personal intercourse with Jesus by a claim to have seen the Lord. The gift of helps is not glamorous or showy and, as in the Corinthian church, often is not highly prized or appreciated. Paul bases his apostleship on the grace of God, not on ecstatic gifts or the signs of an apostle ( 2 Cor. Their commissioning by the risen Lord to worldwide witness ( Ac 1:8 ), however, was incomplete without the anointing of the Spirit. Please contact the publisher to obtain copies of this resource. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". Christ the Apostle Although there is only one explicit reference to Jesus as an apostle ( Heb 3:1 ), implicit references to his having been "sent" by the Father are found throughout the New Testament. An apostleship is the office an apostle holds. Barnabas was sent forth (exapostllis the verb used) by the church at Jerusalem (Acts 11:22) and later, along with Paul, by the church at Antioch (Acts 13:1); and soon after this we find the two men described as apostles (Acts 14:4). By then Judas Iscariot had hanged himself and was later replaced by Matthias, who was chosen by lot (Acts 1:15-26).
What is an apostle? | GotQuestions.org Apostles and the Spirit The primary function of the apostles was to witness to Christ. of Retrieved from https://www.learnreligions.com/what-is-an-apostle-700677. It was the mission on which they were sent that explains the title. Even though the only place in the Book of Acts where Paul is called an apostle is in reference to the apostles of the church in Antioch (14:4, 14), Luke's portrayal of Paul's ministry as paradigmatic for the church gives implicit support to his apostolic claims. Apostles in both groups were authenticated by signs and wonders and miracles (2 Cor. 16:7; 2 Cor. It seems that the office of prophet was exclusively for work within a local congregation, whereas that of apostleship was a much broader ministry, not confined to any area, as implied in the word apostolos (one who is sent on a mission). Matthew and John were each apostles and wrote a Gospel book. Apostle [N] [E] [S] (Gk. It was on the foundation of the apostles and prophets that the Christian church was built, with Jesus Christ Himself as the chief corner-stone (Ephesians 2:20). These qualifications include having a deep understanding of the Bible and being able to communicate that understanding to others. But the explanation probably is, as Dr. Hort suggests, that since the Third Gospel and the Book of Ac formed two sections of what was really one work, the author in the Gospel employs the term in that wider sense which it came to have after the Ascension. The epistles were written by apostles, who were key Christian teachers infused with the power of the Holy Spirit and inspired to tell people how they, too, can live, think, and behave as a Christian. There is no good reason for doubting that the title apostle was given to the Twelve by Christ Himself (Luke 6:13, Mark 3:14, where whom he also named apostles is strongly attested). What Does the Bible Say about Visiting Graves? The authority of the apostolate was of a spiritual, ethical and personal kind. The Lord now chose seventy-two other disciples and sent them ahead in pairs to all the towns and places he planned to visit. (Luke 10:1 NLT). All rights reserved. Acts 1:15-17, 21-22(NASB). Their office. You can find her quirky stationery goods atwww.lauraadamscreative.netor follow her journey through the messy walk of transparent faith and modern Christianity atwww.anhonestwalk.com. Copyright 2023, Christianity.com. Do apostles exist today? Answer The word apostle means "one who is sent out." In the New Testament, there are two primary usages of the word apostle. A pastor most often has the gift of administrations, a necessary ability if he is to lead the church well (cf. Jesus is called the apostle and High Priest of our confession in Hebrews 3:1. Paul's commission was similar to that of the 12 apostles, and his ministry, like theirs, was guided by God's gracious leading and anointing. This article is also available and sold as a booklet. More common is the verb apostello, referring to the sending of a fleet or an . ", But, beloved, remember ye the words which were spoken before of the APOSTLES of our Lord Jesus Christ; How that they told you there should be mockers in the last time, who should walk after their own ungodly lusts. He continues to stress the same three key points: sovereignty, unity, and diversity. Envoy, ambassador, or messenger commissioned to carry out the instructions of the commissioning aget. The fact that they were chosen from the other disciples and then sent on a mission. Jude the apostle, also referred to as Jude of James, Judas of James, Thaddeus, Judas Thaddeus, and Lebbaeus was one of the twelve main disciples of Jesus Christ. 1915. Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, and Timothy our brother, To the church of God in Corinth, together with all the saints throughout Achaia: 2 Corinthians 8:5 And not only did they do as we expected, but they gave themselves first to the Lord and then to us, because it was the will of God. 21 Then I went to Syria and Cilicia.
What is an apostle? - The Bible Made Plain Apostles in the New Testament - Wikipedia And at this time Peter stood up in the midst of the brethren (a gathering of about one hundred and twenty persons was there together), and said, Brethren, the Scripture had to be fulfilled, which the Holy Spirit foretold by the mouth of David concerning Judas, who became a guide to those who arrested Jesus.
What Is An Apostle? | Pray.com Jesus earthly ministry stopped in A.D. 33. All are not prophets, are they? 3:1). Paul, for example, is referred to as a prophet when he ministered locally in the Antioch church (Acts 13:1), but elsewhere is always called an apostle. It is interesting that the two gifts mentioned in verse 28 that are not mentioned in verses 2930 are helps and administrations, probably the ones least prized by the Corinthians, but clearly the ones for which they had the greatest need. And the very fact that he found it necessary to denounce certain persons as "false apostles, deceitful workers, fashioning themselves into apostles of Christ" (2Corinthians 11:13) shows that there was no thought in the primitive church of restricting the apostleship to a body of 12 or 13 men. What a privilege we have to use them with the power of the Holy Spirit pulsing through us. ; Galatians 2:7; compare Acts 13:2; 22:21); but, above all, that he could point to the signs and seals of his apostleship furnished by his missionary labors and their fruits (1Corinthians 9:2; 2Corinthians 12:12; Galatians 2:8). . 2:20). The Twelve Jesus had a large number of disciples during his ministry, but not all of them were apostles. Apostles are also responsible for helping to build up the church. Copyright Like The Master Ministries. An apostle is a disciple of Jesus Christ that was specifically called by Jesus (in person). Of the 27 books, 21 are epistles.
Apostle Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster Acts 7:58 (NASB). Salem Media Group. 5, 2023, learnreligions.com/what-is-an-apostle-700677. The UBS Greek Dictionary also describes an apostle broadly as a messenger. Jesus gave the name to his chosen twelve because, after their time of preparation with him, he sent them out in the service of his kingdom ( Mark 3:13-15; Luke 6:13 . In Luke 6:13 it is stated that Jesus chose 12 from his disciples whom he named apostles, and in Mark 6:30 the Twelve are called Apostles when mention is made of their return from the mission of preaching and healing on which Jesus had sent them. After his ascension he communicated to them, according to his promise, supernatural gifts to qualify them for the discharge of their duties ( Acts 2:4 ; 1Corinthians 2:16 ; 1 Corinthians 2:7 1 Corinthians 2:10 1 Corinthians 2:13 ; 2 co 5:20 ; 1Corinthians 11:2 ). In order to answer your questions, we need to answer another question first, What are the Biblical qualifications of an apostle? All Rights Reserved. St. Peter the Apostle, original name Simeon or Simon, (died 64 ce, Rome [Italy]), disciple of Jesus Christ, recognized in the early Christian church as the leader of the 12 disciples and by the Roman Catholic Church as the first of its unbroken succession of popes.Peter, a Jewish fisherman, was called to be a disciple of Jesus at the beginning of Jesus' ministry. Have you ever heard of habit stacking? Is this scriptural? The word "apostle" has the idea of one sent with a message. Zavada, Jack. He had said that they were to be His witnesses not only in Jerusalem and Judea, but in Samaria (contrast Matthew 10:5), and unto the uttermost part of the earth (Acts 1:8). The passages on which it has been sought to establish his right to be included in the apostolate do not furnish any satisfactory evidence. 2:34).
What is the difference between a disciple and apostle? Here the word designates function rather than status. Peter is telling those who are present how to select a new apostle to replace Judas. Was Matthias or Paul Gods choice to replace Judas as the 12th apostle? After clicking 'Register', you will receive an email with a link to verify your account and to complete your registration. In 1Corinthians 15:7 James is contrasted with "all the apostles" rather than included in their number (compare 1Corinthians 9:5). Do Apostles Still Exist? The "Hidden" Apostle. 12:12; cf. Commissioned by the risen Christ and empowered by the Holy Spirit, they became witnesses to the saving work of God in Christ. The Latin equivalent is missio where the English word "missionary" is derived. As twelve tribes had formed the basis of the old people of God, so twelve apostles would be the foundation on which God would build his new people, the Christian church (Matthew 16:18; Ephesians 2:20; Revelation 21:12; Revelation 21:14).
What is the role of an apostle today? - NeverThirsty The offices are listed here in 1 Corinthians without chronological distinctiveness or reference to duration, because at that time they were all operative. It is found in many others to whom the Lord has given the ministry of leading in various ways. Because they had been called by Jesus, had been with Jesus throughout his ministry, and had witnessed his resurrection, they possessed the best possible knowledge of what Jesus had said and done. "Entry for 'APOSTLE'". What is the conclusion? His appeals in the latter case are grounded upon fundamental principles of morality common to heathen and Christian alike (1Corinthians 5:1), or are addressed to the spiritual judgment (1Corinthians 10:15), or are reinforced by the weight of a personal influence gained by unselfish service and by the fact that he was the spiritual father of his converts as having begotten them in Christ Jesus through the gospel (1Corinthians 4:15). Not only does Acts depict Paul as manifesting the signs of an apostle, but in its three accounts of the Damascus Road encounter, his apostolic task is presented as the direct action of the risen Christ (9:3-5; 22:6-8; 26:12-18; cf. They were apostles, therefore,quamissionaries not merely because they were the Twelve, but because they were now sent forth by their Lord on a universal mission for the propagation of the gospel. ". Here ends the first period of the apostles agency, during which its centre is Jerusalem and the prominent figure is that of St. Peter. What Does "I Believe! What Should Christians Know about Cloning? Paul used the same term in his final words to the Ephesian elders, as he met with them at Miletus on his way to certain arrest in Jerusalem: In everything I showed you that by working hard in this manner you must help the weak and remember the words of the Lord Jesus, that He Himself said, It is more blessed to give than to receive (Acts 20:35).
Who Are the Apostles in the Bible and Why Are They Important? The apostles are featured heavily in the Gospels and are mentioned in some of the other books of the New Testament. It is sometimes said by those who recognize that there were other apostles besides the Twelve and Paul that the latter (to whom some, on the ground of 1 Corinthians 15:7; Galatians 1:19, would add James the Lords brother) were the apostlespar excellence, while the other apostles mentioned in the New Testament were apostles in some inferior sense. Pastor Rod Plummer (Lifehouse International Church) is joined again by Pastor Richard Welsh (Lifehouse . And when this particular mission was completed and they returned to Antioch to rehearse before the assembled church "all things that God had done with them, and that he had opened a door of faith unto the Gentiles" (Acts 14:27), they thereby justified their claim to be the apostles not only of the church, but of the Holy Spirit. ( Jude 1:17-18 ). Yet there might be a tendency at first to do so, and to restrict it as a badge of honor and privilege peculiar to that inner circle (compare Acts 1:25). Luke has given some account of Peter, John, and the two Jameses ( Acts 12:2 Acts 12:17 ; 15:13 ; 21:18 ), but beyond this we know nothing from authentic history of the rest of the original twelve. For example, Luke-Acts uses the term "apostle" to refer almost exclusively to the Twelve, while Paul uses it in relation to a broader group of individuals. The other two are permanent serving gifts. "What Is an Apostle?" More common is the verb apostello, referring to the sending of a fleet or an embassy. He had said that they were to be His witnesses not only in Jerusalem and Judea, but in Samaria (contrast Matthew 10:5), and unto the uttermost part of the earth (Acts 1:8). Answer. What Was the Sin of Sodom and Gomorrah in the Bible? The distinction between the two classes was that while the prophet was God's spokesman to the believing church (1Corinthians 14:4,22,25,30,31), the apostle was His envoy to the unbelieving world (Galatians 2:7,9). Only after Pentecost were they empowered by the Spirit for their ministry of word and deed.
Supernatural Encounters: Miracles and Prophecy | Supernatural Luke, it is true, uses the word as a title for the Twelve apart from reference to the mission among the villages. James was a prophet and teacher, but not an apostle. What Is an Apostle? ; Galatians 2:7; compare Acts 13:2; Acts 22:21); but, above all, that he could point to the signs and seals of his apostleship furnished by his missionary labors and their fruits (1 Corinthians 9:2; 2 Corinthians 12:12; Galatians 2:8). For he was counted among us, and received his portion in this ministry . In 2Corinthians 8:23 and Phil 2:25 the word "messenger" is the rendering of the same Greek word, elsewhere rendered "apostle. Were miracles and wonders signs of an apostle? When the question of the observance of the Mosaic ritual by GentileChristians arose at Antioch and was referred to Jerusalem, it was "the apostles and elders" who met to discuss it (Acts 15:2,6,22), and the letter returned to Antioch was written in the name of "the apostles and the elders, brethren" (Acts 15:23). The Bible shows that a true apostle of Jesus Christ will have certain signs. Two distinct definitions exist for apostle based on how the word is used within Scripture. The expression "all the apostles" in 1 Corinthians 15:7 seems to include more than the twelve referred to in verse 5. Nowhere is this more pronounced than in the Gospel of John, where Christ's entire ministry is qualified by the term apostello [ajpostevllw] ("send"). a: one of an authoritative New Testament group sent out to preach the gospel and made up especially of Christ's 12 original disciples and Paul. Early history and training .--The apostles were from the lower ranks of life, simple and uneducated; some of them were related to Jesus according to the flesh; some had previously been disciples of John the Baptist. The centre of the second period of the apostolic agency is Antioch, where a church soon was built up, consisting of Jews and Gentiles; and the central figure of this and of the subsequent period is St. Paul.
Paul the Apostle Saint Thomas Apostle, (from Greek apostolos, "person sent"), any of the 12 disciples chosen by Jesus Christ. 1 Tim. Gods will is the second qualification. Rev 21:14 ) of the church, and their teaching became the norm for Christian faith and practice. 2 Col 1:1 ; Eph 1:1 ; Col 1:1 ; 1 Tim 1:1 ; 2 Tim 1:1 ; Titus 1:1 ). 1:11). After the martyrdom of James the Greater ( Acts 12:2 ), James the Less usually resided at Jerusalem, while Paul, "the apostle of the uncircumcision," usually travelled as a missionary among the Gentiles ( Galatians 2:8 ).
The 12 Apostles of Jesus and Their Characteristics In the Christian faith, apostles were those entrusted by Jesus to help organize the church and spread the message of His teachings. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. Am I not an apostle? Please be aware that these items are sent out from our office in the UK. What is the role of an apostle today? Barnabas is referred to as an apostle in Acts 14:14. The definition of an apostle (from the Greek apostolos) is "one who is sent" or "one commissioned." To understand the word as we find it in the New Testament it is not necessary to go beyond the New Testament itself. v. 33), we also know that they were not exercising their gifts, or else the people refused to follow their leadership. So, what is the difference between the disciples and those who became apostles? Luke, it is true, uses the word as a title for the Twelve apart from reference to the mission among the villages. His claim appears in his assumption of the apostolic title in the opening words of most of his epistles. ( Luke 24:48 ; Acts 1:8 Acts 1:22 ; 2:32 ; 3:15 ; 5:32 ; 13:31 ) Later labors and history. 12:7), though another Greek word is used in that text. ) is more definite than messenger (Gr. Paul was appointed an apostle by our Lord (Romans 11:13;1 Corinthians 15:9; 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:11; Gal 1:13-17). It refers to one who keeps a ship, or a church, on course toward its proper destination. The identification of the Twelve as apostles finds its basis not only in the use of this title for them in the Gospel narrative, but also in the post-Easter task given to them by Jesus ( Matt 28:19-20 ; Mark 16:15-18 ; Luke 24:48-49 ; John 20:21-23 ; Acts 1:8 ).
Question: What Is An Apostle According To The Bible? Paul calls Andronicus and Junias apostles in Romans 16:7. Who are the super-apostles Paul mentions in 2 Corinthians 11:5? Paul spread the gospel to the gentiles throughout the Mediterranean. 01 of 12 Peter Detail of "The Charge to Peter" by James Tissot. Acts 8:67; Heb. This appears to be in agreement with the condition in Acts that a newly appointed Apostle should be capable of giving eyewitness testimony to the Lords Resurrection. It is evident that the apostles formed the nucleus of primitive Christianity. Saul of Tarsus was afterwards added to their number ( Acts 9:3-20 ; 20:4 ; 26:15-18 ; 1Timothy 1:12 ; 2:7 ; 2 Tim 1:11 ). It is not possible therefore, as some claim, for there to be apostles in the church today. Acts 1:24-26 (NASB).
Saint Peter the Apostle | History, Facts, & Feast Day When a gap had been left by the defection and death of the traitor Judas Iscariot, immediate steps were taken to fill it by the election of Matthias (Acts 1). "Had the number been definitely restricted, the claims of these interlopers would have been self-condemned" (Lightfoot, Galatians, 97). Jesus called them, ordained them, and sent them into the world even as His Father had sent Him ( John 17:6-18 ).
What is an Apostle in the Bible? It is unified and diversified. The work of interpreting and proclaiming the nowwritten Word was taken over by evangelists, pastorteachers, and teachers. He is the author "Hope for Hurting Singles: A Christian Guide to Overcoming Life's Challenges.".
What are the biblical qualifications for apostleship? Paul calls Andronicus and Junias apostles in Romans 16:7. or all do not have that gift do they? The Twelve had intimate knowledge of his life, and a wider group had been witnesses to his resurrection. The terms "disciple" and "apostle" are sometimes used interchangeably, but they do, in fact, have different meanings. The full list of the Twelve is given with some variation in Mark 3, Matthew 10, and Luke 6 as: Peter and Andrew, the sons of John (John 21:15); James and John, the sons of Zebedee; ; Philip; Bartholomew; Matthew; Thomas; James, the son of Alphaeus; Jude, or Thaddaeus, the son of James; Simon the Cananaean, or the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot. We are led then to the conclusion that the true differentia of the New Testament apostleship lay in the missionary calling implied in the name, and that all whose lives were devoted to this vocation, and who could prove by the issues of their labors that Gods Spirit was working through them for the conversion of Jew or Gentile , were regarded and described as apostles.
The Rodcast, Bible & Leadership Conversations with Ps Rod Plummer The wordApostleis from ancient Greek (apstolos). God says the only way one can be qualified to be an Apostle of God is that it must be . The first is in specifically referring to the twelve apostles of Jesus Christ.
13:7, 17, 24). 19 I saw none of the other apostlesonly James, the Lord's brother. The lots revealed His will regard the apostles. When we pass to Acts, "apostles" has become an ordinary name for the Eleven (Acts 1:2,26), and after the election of Matthias in place of Judas, for the Twelve (2:37,42,43, etc.). There is no sign that the apostles collectively exercised a separate and autocratic authority. Matthias was called first by the voice of the general body of the brethren and thereafter by the decision of the lot (Acts 1:15, Acts 1:23, Acts 1:26). Author of Jesus and Judaism and The Historical Figure of Jesus. A modern-day apostle would typically function as a church planterone who is sent out by the body of Christ to spread the gospel and establish new communities of believers. (4) They were inspired. Christ Exhortation to the twelve Apostles, by James Tissot. The Twelve were called personally by Jesus to an apostolic task at the commencement of His earthly ministry (Matthew 10:1parallel), and after His resurrection this call was repeated, made permanent, and given a universal scope (Matthew 28:19, Matthew 28:20; Acts 1:8). An apostle was an official representative charged with a commission. Another distinction between the two offices may have been that the apostolic message was more general and doctrinal, whereas that of the prophets was more personal and practical. Register. As you may be aware, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) comes into full effect on 25th May 2018. The only place it is used twice is . To discover the source of its Christian use it is sufficient to refer to its immediate and natural signification. Like the apostles, however, their office ceased with the completion of the New Testament, just as the Old Testament prophets disappeared when that testament was completed, some 400 years before Christ. The gift of helps is a gift for service in the broadest sense of helping and supporting others in daybyday, often unnoticed, ways. 11:13 no doubt counterfeited this class of apostleship, since the others were limited to thirteen and were well known. . An apostle of Jesus Christ is a messenger sent to spread the, The apostles of Jesus Christ were sometimes referred to as "The Twelve. There were great differences, no doubt, among the apostles of the primitive church, as there were among the Twelve themselves differences due to natural talents, to personal acquirements and experience, to spiritual gifts. In the Septuagint (Greek version of the Old Testament) the term is used several times, in each case in relation to wisdom.
What Is an Apostle? Do Apostles Still Exist? - Christianity John 15:16; Acts 20:28, made; 2 Tim. Help Grace to You bring important resources like this to people in your community and beyond, free of charge. The New Testament highlights their function as apostles, without delineating in detail the authoritative nature of their office in relation to the church. The privileges of the Twelve were to be in continual attendance on their master and to be the recipients of his special teaching and training. But the explanation probably is, as Dr. Hort suggests, that since the Third Gospel and the Book of Acts formed two sections of what was really one work, the author in the Gospel employs the term in that wider sense which it came to have after the Ascension. 1:1517; cf. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Humanities LibreTexts - Apostles of Jesus. No two of these lists, however, perfectly coincide. We find it in Paul's list of gifted people in Ephesians 4, as well as in 1 Corinthians 12:28, 29 . He has given us spiritual gifts of teaching, preaching, giving, helping, administration, for example, to use in ministry to each other. 11:5 ). The definition of an apostle (from the Greek apostolos) is "one who is sent" or "one commissioned." The term (pronounced uh POS ull) appears more than 80 times in the New Testament. This distinction holds good both in classical and in biblical Greek. God does not intend for everyone to have the same gift, and He does not intend for everyone to have gifts that are out front and noticed. This is a practice you can implement when trying to create a new habit, where you attach the new habit to something you already have a habit of doing. In its literal sense, it means "one sent forth.". James (the half-brother of Jesus) is considered here and in Galatians 1:19 to be an apostle. Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? 4:11; Acts 13:1). General Editor. Such signs and wonders, however, were clearly secondary to the apostolic functions of preaching and teaching. The UBS Greek Dictionary also describes an apostle broadly as a messenger. What does the apostle do? The Rodcast, Bible & Leadership Conversations with Ps Rod Plummer Christianity Today on The Rodcast, we continue looking at the 5-fold ministry gifts that Jesus gave people to prepare them for works of service. 8:23; Phil. Paul, The Apostle The first time that Saul or Paul appears in the New Testament is in Acts 7:58. According to the word's original meaning, an apostle was a sent one'. In the New Testament apostolos [ajpovstolo"] is applied to Jesus as the Sent One of God ( Heb 3:1 ), to those sent by God to preach to Israel ( Luke 11:49 ), to those sent by churches ( 2 Col 8:23 ; Php 2:25 ), and most often, to the individuals who had been appointed by Christ to preach the gospel of the kingdom. As the Father sent his Son into the world ( John 3:17 John 3:34 ; 5:36-38 ; John 6:29 John 6:57 ; 10:36 ; John 17:3 John 17:8 John 17:18 John 17:21 John 17:23 ; 20:21 ), Jesus in turn "sends out" his disciples ( 4:38 ; 17:18 ) to continue and extend his mission. Acts 15:13 ), Barnabas ( 1 Col 9:1-6 ; Gal 2:9 ; cf. They accompanied him in his journey, saw his wonderful works, heard his discourses addressed to the people, and made inquiries of him on religious matters. All rights reserved. Lightfoot, Galatians, 92-101; Hort, Christian Ecclesia, Lect II; Weizsacker, The Apostolic Age, II, 291-99; Lindsay, The Church and the Ministry, 73-90. Early usage of this term carried the twofold sense of an express commission and being sent overseas.".
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