rajput dynasty founder

One by one, many Rajput states in Rajputana came under British protection and became their allies - Kota, Udaipur, Bundi, Kishangarh, Bikaner, Jaipur, Pratapgarh, Banswara, Dungarpur, Jaisalmer by 1817-18 and Sirohi by 1823. Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. History of Chavda : Rajput Provinces of India This means that they have no access to reservations. Under the Tomara dynasty, Delhi became the capital for the first time. According to him, the community controlled most of the best agricultural land in the region and this also helped the Rajput Taluqdars who were usually the head of the local Rajput clan to gather support over non-Rajput rival in the electoral politics of the state. Inevitably the Ghrids sought their fortune in northern India, where the conflict between the Ghaznavids and the local rulers provided an excellent opportunity. The chronicles from the Rajput courts have recorded that women from Rajput community had also faced such treatment by the Rajputs from the winning side of a battle. Information on the dynasty is supplemented by the colourful account of Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who visited the region in 1288 and 1293. The four major Rajput dynastiesPratihara, Paramara, Cauhan, and Caulukyaclaimed Agnikula lineage. The Kachwaha are a Rajput clan who ruled a number of kingdoms and princely states such as Alwar, Maihar and Talcher in India. [171], There are several major subdivisions of Rajputs, known as vansh or vamsha, the step below the super-division jti[172] These vansh delineate claimed descent from various sources, and the Rajput are generally considered to be divided into three primary vansh:[173] Suryavanshi denotes descent from the solar deity Surya, Chandravanshi (Somavanshi) from the lunar deity Chandra, and Agnivanshi from the fire deity Agni. Scholars refer to this as "Rajputization", which, like Sanskritization, was a mode for upward mobility, but it differed from Sanskritization in other attributes, like the method of worship, lifestyle, diet, social interaction, rules for women, and marriage, etc. To the south they came up against the Pandyas. [100] Some have linked this eastwards expansion with the onset of Ghurid invasion in the West. [38] However, by the late 16th century, it had become genealogically rigid, based on the ideas of blood purity, Dirk Kolff writes. [89] In the 15th century, the Muslim sultans of Malwa and Gujarat put a joint effort to overcome the Mewar ruler Rana Kumbha but both the sultans were defeated. Lesser-noted vansh include Udayvanshi, Rajvanshi, and Rishivanshi. As the various Rajput chiefs became Mughal feduatories, they no longer engaged in major conflicts with each other. The references in Rajput genealogies to supernatural ancestry suggest either an obscure originperhaps from semi-Hinduized local tribes who gradually acquired political and economic statusor else a non-Indian (probably Central Asian) origin. Famous Rajput Rulers and Personalities The kingdom expanded during the reign of Simhana (reigned c. 121047), who campaigned against the Hoysala in northern Karnataka, against the lesser chiefs of the western coast, and against the Kakatiya kingdom in the eastern Deccan. Rajput | History, Significance, & Facts 40,000 Rajputs gathered on the street of Jaipur in October 1987 for supporting her Sati. [25][26] Tanuja Kothiyal states: "In the colonial ethnographic accounts rather than referring to Rajputs as having emerged from other communities, Bhils, Mers, Minas, Gujars, Jats, Raikas, all lay a claim to a Rajput past from where they claim to have 'fallen'. [65] The legendary epic poem Prithviraj Raso, which depicts warriors from several different Rajput clans as associates of Prithviraj Chauhan, fostered a sense of unity among these clans. [88], The Rajputs fought against Sultans of Delhi from Rajasthan and other adjoining areas. Among the important rulers was Dhanga (reigned c. 9501008), who issued a large number of inscriptions and was generous in donations to Jain and Hindu temples. [210], These Rajput groups(khasa) of Uttarakhand today were formally classified Shudra but had successfully converted to Rajput status during the rule of Chand Rajas (that ended in 1790). 10 GK Questions and Answers on the Prominent Rajput States of Medieval India for general awareness. There are several major subdivisions of Rajputs, known as vansh or vamsha, the step below the super-division jati. when they start to make themselves lords of various localities and dominate region in current day Northern India. [63] They fabricated genealogies linking the Rajput families to the ancient dynasties, and associated them with myths of origins that established their Kshatriya status. [40] Thus, the Rajput identity is not the result of a shared ancestry. Historian Michael Fisher states that the bards and poets patronised by the Rajput rulers who served Akbar raised Akbar to a "semi-divine" status and gives an example of Akbar being projected as a "divine master" in the "Hindu cosmic order". Prithviraja, however, was defeated at a second battle in the same place in 1192; the defeat ushered in Turkic rule in northern India. This was a designation created by administrators that classified each ethnic group as either "martial" or "non-martial": a "martial race" was typically considered brave and well built for fighting,[179] whilst the remainder were those whom the British believed to be unfit for battle because of their sedentary lifestyles. Between 1888 and 1889, the proportion of girl children rose to 40%. For example, Akbar got this sisters and daughters married to Timurids and prominent Muslims from central and west Asia. [99], The immigration of Rajput clan chiefs into these parts of the Gangetic plains also contributed the agricultural appropriation of previously forested areas, especially in South Bihar. [204], Historically, members from the Rajput ruling clans of Rajasthan have also practised polygamy and also took many women they enslaved as concubines from the battles which they won. [10], The origin of the Rajputs has been a much-debated topic among historians. [37], Gradually, the term Rajput came to denote a social class, which was formed when the various tribal and nomadic groups became landed aristocrats, and transformed into the ruling class. The British had a policy of recruiting the martial Indians from those who has less access to education as they were easier to control. [190] Rajput Test Series Rajput is derived from the Sanskrit term raj-putra, which means "Son of a Monarch." Rajputs were admired for their courage, loyalty, and monarchy. he reconquered his father's lost territories and founded the Chavada dynasty which lasted a shade under a century. A marriage alliance gave the Colas an authoritative position, but Vengi remained a bone of contention. To the west there were conflicts with Bhoja Paramara, and the Kalacuris declined at the end of the 12th century. [216] Opium was also consumed when Vahvanc bards would recite poetry and stories about the Rajputs and their ancestors. The styles of Mughal and Rajput painting are oppositional in character. Historical processes, however, suggest just the opposite". Beneath the vansh division are smaller and smaller subdivisions: kul, shakh (branch), khamp or khanp (twig), and nak (twig tip). [51] According to him, the title acquired "an element of heredity" from c. Some of these 36 main clans are further subdivided into shakhas or branches, again based on the same principle of patrilineage. However, David Ochterlony, who was in charge of the Rajput states broke the promise to not interfere as in his view interferences would save the states from "ruin". A magistrate suggested: "Let every Rajput be thoroughly convinced that he will go to jail for ten years for every infant girl he murders, with as much certainty as he would feel about being hanged if he were to kill her when grown up, and the crime will be stamped out very effectually; but so long as the Government show any hesitation in dealing rigorously with criminals, so long will the Rajpoot think he has chance of impunity and will go on killing girls like before. Santaji Ghorpade, the commander-in-chief of the Maratha empire between 1692-1697, and a Sisodia Rajput. An attack by the Caulukyas weakened the Paramaras in 1143. The 12th and 13th centuries saw a gradual decline in Cola power, accelerated by the rise of the Hoysalas to the west and the Pandyas to the south. Rawal Jaisal Singh, founder of the city of Jaisalmer. The kingdom of the Paramara dynasty was situated to the west of that of the Kalachuri dynasty. [202], "Bridewealth" is discussed in north Indian Rajputs of 19th century India by the historian Malavika Kasturi. [120][104], Historian Lynn Zastoupil states that the Mughal Emperors manipulated the appointment of the successor of the Rajput rulers. The Yadavas, however, facing the Turks to the north and the powerful Hoysalas to the south, declined in the early 14th century. The establishment of Turkic dynasties in India is initially tied up with politics in the Punjab. Charles Metcalfe agreed with this reasoning. Anangpal, a Tomar Rajput founded Lal-Kot in 736 BC near the famous Qutub Minar in Mehrauli area of Delhi. A campaign against the Gangas and Calukyas extended the Cola boundary north to the Tungabhadra River. The Hephthalites' impact on the northern and western portions of the Indian subcontinent in the middle of the fifth century CE is when the Rajputs first appeared. [177], The Bengal army of the East India Company recruited heavily from upper castes such as Brahmins and Rajputs of north-central India particularly from the region of Awadh and Bihar. The Caulukyas of Gujarat had three branches: one ruling Mattamayura (the Malava-Cedi region), one established on the former kingdom of the Capas at Anahilapataka (present-day Patan), and the third at Bhrigukaccha (present-day Bharuch) and Lata in the coastal area. Qub al-Dn remained in India and declared himself sultan of Delhi, the first of the so-called Slave dynasty. According to modern scholars, almost all Rajput clans originated from peasant or pastoral communities. The 17th century chronicles of Muhnot Nainsi i.e. [5] Coverage To the north he annexed the Raichur Doab (the interfluve between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers in Karnataka) and moved into Manyakheta in the heart of Calukya territory. The Rajputs constructed the Rathas of Mahabalipuram, the Kailash temple at Ellora, and the Elephanta engravements between 600 and 900 AD. Tomars of Delhi - Rajput Clans - Medieval India History Notes Muslim soldiers would also take opium. wild boar, was also well known and the British identified them as a group based on this. [22] A third group of historians, which includes Jai Narayan Asopa, theorised that the Rajputs were Brahmins who became rulers. [104] However, despite imposition of Jaziya Aurangzeb's army had a high proportion of Rajput officers in the upper ranks of the imperial army and they were all exempted from paying Jaziya. [18] The second theory was promulgated by C.V. Vaidya who believed in the Aryan invasion theory and that the entire 9th-10th century Indian populace was composed of only one race - the Aryans who had not yet mixed with the Shudras or Dravidians. [131][132] Jason Freitag, his only significant biographer, has said that Tod is "manifestly biased". The last ruler of the Pushyabhuti Dynasty was Harshavradhana who is oftentimes referred to as Harsha. The Rajputs came from western, eastern, and northern India, as well as areas of Pakistan. Some Rajput states, in the 1780s appealed to the British East India Company for assistance against the Marathas but their requests for assistance were denied at the time. The Eastern Gangas, ruling in Kalinga, came into conflict with the Turks advancing down the Ganges River valley to the delta during the 13th century. [193][194][195] This phrase also operated as a military solgan or war cry,[196] often painted on the shields and banners of the jagirdars. [135] But Crispin Bates is of the opinion that Rajput officers had soft corner for the rebels of 1857 fleeing Delhi who were entering into interior areas of then Rajasthan region. The Paramara Dynasty ( IAST: Paramra) [note 1] was an Indian dynasty that ruled Malwa and surrounding areas in west-central India between 9th and 14th centuries. Rajaraja (reigned 9851014) began establishing power with attacks against the Pandyas and Illamandalam of Sri Lanka. D. Nagbhatt I. Rajputs Kingdom, History, Origin, List and Major States [178], The Rajputs were designated as a Martial Race in the period of the British Raj. In the 13th century the Paramaras were threatened by both rising Yadava power in the Deccan and the Turkic kingdom at Delhi (see below The coming of the Turks); the latter conquered the Paramaras in 1305. They have taken part in almost every campaign undertaken by the Indian armies. [127][121], The medieval bardic chronicles (kavya and masnavi) glorified the Rajput past, presenting warriorhood and honour as Rajput ideals. are the branches or subclans of Rathore Rajputs. William Rowe, discusses an example of a Shudra caste - the Noniyas (caste of salt makers)- from Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. [140] Similarly, Donald Attwood and Baviskar give and example of a caste of shepherds who were formerly Shudras changed their status to Rajput in the Raj era and started wearing the Sacred thread. During numerous armed conflicts in India, women were taken captives, enslaved and even sold, for example, the capture and selling of Marwar's women by Jaipur's forces in the battle between Jaipur state and Jodhpur state in 1807. After the break-up of the Pratihara empire, a number of dynasties rose to power in central and western India. [155][156][157][158] In 2016, Sikh Rajputs were added under Backward Classes in Punjab[159] but after protest by the community, the government announced that they will be again put under General Category. The history of the family spans the period between the reign of Anangapala, who founded the city of Delhi in the 11th century ce, and the incorporation of Delhi within the Chauhan (Chahamana) kingdom in 1164. The Rajput Dynasty has been a significant part of Indian history. [139], Some unrelated communities tried to change their status to Rajput during the Colonial era. [58] The emergence of Rajput community was the result of a gradual change from mobile pastoral and tribal groups into landed sedentary ones. Home GENERAL KNOWLEDGE History Social and Cultural Development during Rajput Dynasty 'Rajput' is derived from Sanskrit word 'raj-putra' which means "son of a king". What are the major holidays and festivals of India? The Rajput clans of lower ritual status married their daughters to Rajput men of higher ritual status who had lost females due to infanticide. Kumarapala (reigned c. 114372) was responsible for consolidating the kingdom. NCERT Notes: The Rajputs [Medieval History Of India Notes For UPSC] Chandela Kshatriya Rajput is also Chandravanshi. Rawal Ratan Singh, Husband of Rani Padimini, Sisodiya ruler of Chittor (13 a.d.). After capturing the northwest frontier, he invaded Rajput domain. Sebktigin, a Turk, was appointed governor of Ghazna in 977. [201], Female infanticide was practised by Rajputs of low ritual status trying upward mobility as well as Rajputs of high ritual status. But the ensuing battles were indecisive. What Is The History Of Chandravanshi Kshatriya Rajput Caste? [60] In the 19th century, the colonial administrators of India re-imagined the Rajputs as similar to the Anglo-Saxon knights. Examples are given where they helped their step-brothers in war campaigns. The term Rajput covers various patrilineal clans historically associated with warriorhood: several clans claim Rajput status, although not all claims are universally accepted. Moreover, this unfounded Kshatriya status claim showed a sharp contrast to the classical varna of Kshatriyas as depicted in Hindu literature in which Kshatriyas are depicted as an educated and urbanite clan. [61], According to David Ludden, the word "Rajput" acquired its present-day meaning in the 16th century. The estates, treasures, and practices of the old Rajput rulers now form a key part of Rajasthan's tourist trade and cultural memory. In most cases, Rajput men were imprisoned only for a short time. The most famous of these cases is of a Rajput woman named Roop Kanwar. Bundela dynasty - Bundelkhand Explorer Thus, the Rajputs of lower ritual status had to remain unmarried or resorted to other practices like marrying widows, levirate marriages (marrying brother's widow) as well as marrying low-caste women such as Jats and Gujars or nomads. A Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, son of a king) is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and some parts of Pakistan. B. Gopal. The word "Rajput" is a contracted form of raja, or "monarch," and Putra, meaning "son." According to legend, only the first son of a king could inherit the kingdom, so the later sons became military leaders. Home GENERAL KNOWLEDGE General Knowledge Lists List of Important Rajput Kingdoms, Capital and Founder The emergence of Rajputs was the outcomes of the death of Harshavardhana and the breakup of. [144], The Rajput Dogra ruler of Kashmir and Jammu acceded to India in 1947,[145] while retaining his title until the monarchy was abolished in 1971 by the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India. On the other hand, the Rajput communities living in the region to the east of Rajasthan had a fluid and inclusive nature. Bhoja was the greatest ruler of the Parmaras who raised the power of his dynasty to an imperial rank. Medieval India: The Rajput Kingdoms Lal-Kot was the centre of learning and people spoke eloquent languages. Cola history can be reconstructed in considerable detail because of the vast number of lengthy inscriptions issued not only by the royal family but also by temple authorities, village councils, and trade guilds. In reference to the role of the Rajput soldiers serving under the British banner, Captain A. H. Bingley wrote: Rajputs have served in our ranks from Plassey to the present day (1899). Over time, the Rajputs emerged as a social class comprising people from a variety of ethnic and geographical backgrounds. 1300. [67], The Rajput kingdoms were disparate: loyalty to a clan was more important than allegiance to the wider Rajput social grouping, meaning that one clan would fight another. This exercise was later included in the folk dances of Bihar and Jharkhand like that of Chhau dance. Many parts of North India and modern-day Pakistan were ruled by these dynasties. Lord Krishna was born a Yaduvanshi. Such a marriage between someone from a tribal family, and a member of an acknowledged - but possibly poor - Rajput family, would ultimately enable the non-Rajput family to rise to Rajput status. These groups started identifying as Rajput at different times, in different ways. Rajput Dynasty: Emergence, State Formation, Origin of Rajputs [220], According to Ananda Coomaraswamy, Rajput painting symbolised the divide between Muslims and Hindus during Mughal rule. Each shakha or basic sub-clan has its individual genealogical creed, describing the essential peculiarities, religious tenets, and original domicile of the clan. Rani Padmini, queen of Chittor who committed Jauhar He expanded the Pala dynasty and extended his power over Magadha. [114][115][116] Once Mewar had submitted and alliance of Rajputs reached a measure of stability, matrimonial between leading Rajput states and Mughals became rare. Datta notes Bachanan's observation in 18th century northern-India that, other than the Rajputs, Khatris and Kayasthas also "openly kept women slaves of any pure tribe". Arabs brought opium to India in the 9th century. But soon the Maratha Empire (or confederacy) started collecting tribute from and harassing some Rajput states. Hostilities also developed with the Colas to the east. [163][164][165][bettersourceneeded], The term "Rajput" denotes a cluster of castes,[166] clans, and lineages. Chauhans: Founder: Ajayaraja The Kauravs and Pandavs of the epic Mahabharata were Puruvanshis. However, he returned a year later with an army of mounted archers and crushed Rajput forces on the same battlefield of Taraori, Prithviraj fled the battlefield but was caught near Sirsa and was executed by Ghurids. The term is also used to describe the style of these paintings, distinct from the Mughal painting style. In the eastern Deccan the Kakatiya dynasty was based in parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh state and survived until the Turks attack in the 14th century. This necessitated control over mobile resources for agrarian expansion which in turn necessitated kinship structures, martial and marital alliances. [176], Beneath the vansh division are smaller and smaller subdivisions: kul, shakh ("branch"), khamp or khanp ("twig"), and nak ("twig tip"). This later became the basis of the British reconstruction of the Rajput history and the nationalist interpretations of Rajputs' struggles with the Muslim invaders. In the northern Deccan the decline of the Later Calukyas brought about the rise of their feudatories, among them the Yadava dynasty (also claiming descent from the Yadu tribe) based at Devagiri (Daulatabad), whose kingdom (Seunadesha) included the broad swaths of what is now Maharashtra state. He acquired a reputation as an iconoclast as well as a patron of culture and was responsible for sending to India the scholar al-Brn, whose study Tarkh al-Hind (The History of India) is a source of valuable information. The "courtly chronicles" say that women who were perceived to be of "higher social rank" were assigned to the "harems of their conquerors with or without marriage". [125], In one 18th century example given by Pinch, Rajputs of Awadh countered the upward mobility of some of the peasant castes, who by virtue of their economic prosperity sought higher status by wearing Janeu, a sacred thread or claimed Kshatriya status. Origins Maharana Kumbha, one of the most notable Sisodia rulers The Rajput Period (647A.D- 1200 A.D.) From the death of Harsha to the 12th century, the destiny of India was mostly in the hands of various Rajput dynasties. The Rajputs regard themselves as descendants or members of the . List of Rajput Dynasties in India : Rajput Provinces of India From 12th to 16th centuries, the membership of this class became largely hereditary, although new claims to Rajput status continued to be made in the later centuries. Aurangzeb's conflicts with the Rajputs, which commenced in the early 1680s, henceforth became a contributing factor towards the downfall of the Mughal empire. In addition to Rajputs, it was observed that Jats and Ahirs also practised infanticide. [60] The membership of the Rajput class was now largely inherited rather than acquired through military achievements. The lower clans also faced scarcity of brides in which case they married women such as those from Gujar and Jat communities. [189] On special occasions, a primary chief would break up a meeting of his vassal chiefs with khanda nariyal, the distribution of daggers and coconuts. History From the story of the martial clan, the Rathores who ruled Marwar from Jodhpur till the merger of the Princely States with the Dominion of India in 1949, one must travel further back in time to the year 1194. Tomar Dynasty: Tomar dynasty is one of the minor early medieval ruling houses of northern India. are dismissed by Hiltebeitel who refers to such claims and Asopa's epic references as "far-fetched" or "unintelligible". Many of the Rajput kingdoms had Jain statesmen, ministers, and even generals, as well as Jain traders and merchants. Rajputs rose to prominence during the 6th to 12th centuries. He has been regarded great both as a scholar and a successful commander. The Pushyabhuti Dynasty under Harsha is Shaded in Green. [129][130] [75][76][77][78][79][80][13][81][82] These dynasties were Pratiharas of Kannauj, the Chahamanas (of Shakambhari, Nadol and Jalor), the Tomaras of Delhi, the Chaulukyas, the Paramaras, the Gahadavalas, Chandela, Sisodias, Guhilas etc. German historian Hermann Kulke has coined the term "Secondary Rajputization" for describing the process of members of a tribe trying to re-associate themselves with the former chief of their tribe who had already transformed himself into a Rajput via Rajputization and thus become Rajputs themselves. Singhs coalitionits brief rise and fall, Congress government of P.V. Jayacandra died in battle against the Ghrid chief, Muizz al-Dn Muammad ibn Sm (Muammad of Ghr), and his kingdom was annexed. The Rajput of Rajasthan also offer a sacrifice of water buffalo or goat to their family goddess (Kuldevta) during Navaratri. [148], There have been several cases of Sati (burning a widow alive) in Rajasthan from 1943 to 1987. On the eastern coast the Colas battled with the Calukyas for the possession of Vengi. [27][17][59], B.D Chattopadhyaya opines that during its formative stages, the Rajput class was quite assimilative and absorbed people from a wide range of lineages. Sanga led a grand alliance of Rajput rulers and defeated the Mughal forces of Babur in early combat but was defeated at Khanua through Mughal's use of Gunpowder which was unknown in Northern India at the time. [66] The text thus contributed to the consolidation of the Rajput identity by offering these clans a shared history. The Rajput dynasties formed by the social promotion of aborigines were inimical to the Rajputs descended from foreigners. These genealogies became the basis of distinguishing between the "genuine" and the "spurious" Rajput clans. [97] During this process, petty clashes occurred with the local population and in some cases, alliances were formed. [202], Infanticide has unintended consequences. Founder of Pala Dynasty and he also restored order. Munhata Nainsi ri Khyat and Marwar ra Paraganan ri Vigat discuss disputes between Rajputs pertaining to cattle raids. However, the act was abolished in 1912 as punishments were unable to stop infanticide. Turning northward, Simhana attacked the Paramaras and the Caulukyas. Rajaraja Is son Rajendra participated in his fathers government from 1012, succeeded him two years later, and ruled until 1044. Parantaka was more successful in the south, where he defeated both the Pandyas and the Gangas. - - History And Origin of Rajput Dynasty PDF Free Download [184][185][186][187] Lord Shiva (who is very popular all across India) and Goddess Durga are popular deities worshipped by the Hindu Rajputs. Vanraj, the most prominent of the eight Chavada kings, founded a new capital at Anhilpur Patan. [141][142], On India's independence in 1947, the princely states, including those of the Rajput, were given three options: join either India or Pakistan, or remain independent. C. Vam-Rajdeo. Over time, the term "Rajput" came to denote a hereditary political status, which was not necessarily very high: the term could denote a wide range of rank-holders, from an actual son of a king to the lowest-ranked landholder. History of Delhi - Delhi Information Key Points. Rajput (from Sanskrit: rjaputra meaning "son of a king"), also called Thakur,[6] is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. [34][35][36], The medieval tales on Pabuji depicting Rajput, Charan, Bhil and Rabari warriors fighting side by side as well as other medival and contemporary texts show claims made by Nomadic tribes of the Thar desert to a higher rank in the society. Populations are found in Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Jammu, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. By the 14th century, however, the Caulukya kingdom had declined. Rajput architecture includes city or town planning as well. His name is inscribed into the Iron Pillar that lies with the Qutub Complex of the Chandragupta II era. He gives examples of rebels who easily found safe havens in villages of Chittor without arrests.[136]. [48][49][50][25][26], According to some scholars, the term rajputra was reserved for the immediate relatives of a king; scholars like BD Chattopadhyay believe that it was used for a larger group of high-ranking men.[51]. [4] In the early nineteenth century, British administrator Warren Hastings realised how alliance with the Rajputs had benefited the Mughals and believed that a similar alliance may give the East India company political advantage in India. [172] Marriages within a kul are generally disallowed (with some flexibility for kul-mates of different gotra lineages). Marriages within a kul are generally disallowed (with some flexibility for kul-mates of different gotra lineages).
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