Bombing of Dresden - World War II, Germany & Facts - HISTORY By comparison, civilian deaths include 29 million to 30.5 million from military and war crimes, plus another 19 million to 28 million due to war-related famine and/or disease.
Non-Jewish Victims of the Holocaust - Jewish Virtual Library This page was last edited on 4 June 2023, at 20:21. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. Use Ask Statista Research Service. Accessed July 14, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1293510/second-world-war-fatalities-per-country/. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people during the war, including 8.7 million military and 19 million civilian deaths. Less than two hours later, the surprise attack was over, and every battleship in Pearl HarborUSS Arizona, USS Oklahoma, USS California, USS West Virginia, USS Utah, USS Maryland, USS Pennsylvania, USS Tennessee and USS Nevadahad sustained significant damage. This represents the most military deaths of any nation by a large margin. Kiev, 23 June 1941 A victim of starvation in besieged Leningrad suffering from muscle atrophy in 1941 World War II losses of the Soviet Union were about 27,000,000, both civilian and military from all war-related causes, [1] although exact figures are disputed. American officials responded to this aggression with a battery of economic sanctions and trade embargoes. [52], Krivosheev's analysis has been disputed by independent scholars in Russia. ", "The Great Patriotic War Russian Human Losses (In Russian)", "Gitlerovski genotsid na territoriyakh SSR", "Zhertvy sredi mirnogo nasseleniya v gody otechestvennoi voiny", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union&oldid=1158554718, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2020, Articles with dead external links from July 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2022, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Losses of conscripted reservists 1941 not officially inducted, Died (also included in irrecoverable losses), Add: losses border/internal service troops, Deaths caused by the result of direct, intentional actions of violence, Deaths due to famine and disease in the occupied regions, War related deaths of those alive before war, War related deaths of those born during war. Historians do not regard them as being trustworthy.[119]. More than 2,400 Americans died in the attack, including civilians, and another 1,000 people were wounded. He cited figures that range from 21.7 to 46million. Historians writing outside of the Soviet Union and Russia have evaluated the various Russian language sources and have offered their estimates of Soviet war dead. No one is 100 percent certain of the number of people who died in World War 2 but it experts believe the figure is around the 50-70 million people killed in as a result of World War 2. 8,064 Number of American soldiers who died in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (as of 3/13/13) 2.
World War II - Costs, Impact, Legacy | Britannica S. A. Il'Enkov, an official at the Russian Military Archives, maintained that the "complex military situation at the front did not always allow for the conduct of a full accounting of losses, especially in the first years of the war". [74], In 2000, S. N. Mikhalev[75] published a study of Soviet casualties. This occupation saw countless atrocities, perhaps the most notable of which was the famine of 1945, in which at least 400,000 people died. Civilian deaths were detailed in the Russian study - Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: The official total military dead per the analysis of Krivosheev is 8,668,000. In 1931, theJapanese Empire invaded Manchuria, a region in northernChina. Perhaps most notably, from April to May 1940, 22,000 Polish military officers were executed and buried in the Katyn Forrest. The Soviet Union was responsible for the Katyn massacre of 22,000 Polish officers and the imprisonment or execution of thousands of political prisoners by the NKVDin the Baltic states and eastern Poland annexed by the Red Army. The number of World War Two-based casualties and fatalities is hard to comprehend. Here is a listing of estimates by recognized scholars published in the West. [136][137] Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, estimated Soviet war losses at between 24.5 and 27.4million, including 7.5million military dead. His critics maintain that he underestimated the number of missing in action and POW deaths[54][55] and deaths of service personnel in rear area hospitals. Thereafter, Romanian soldiers participated in the invasion of the Soviet Union, fighting inUkraine,Moldova, andStalingrad. Russian sources maintain that there were 4.1million famine deaths in the regions occupied by Germany. According to Gareev the Russian government has not disclosed the actual losses in the war. Soldiers from the then-British colonyfought inEurope,North Africa, andSoutheast Asia, resulting in about 87,000 deaths. Included in the voter total were 29.9million "excess" women.
Total wounded and sick includes 15,205,592 wounded, 3,047,675 sick and 90,881 frostbite cases. National WWII Museum, Various sources. including 7.4 million killed; 2.54 million POWs; 400,000 non-combat dead and 380,000 executed by Soviets. The remaining 3,300,000 (57.5 percent of the total) had perished.". [20] Russian government sources currently cite these civilian casualty figures in their official statements.[91]. He estimated the actual population in 1941 at 196.7million and losses at 2728million. Hartmann, Christian (2013). ", ".. On June 22, 1941,Germanyinvaded the Soviet Union. As a result, the U.S. Navy was able to rebound relatively quickly from the attack. In total, Poland lost around 5.6 million people in the Second World War--about 17 percent of its population. In 2017, the Russian historian Igor Ivlev put Soviet war dead at 42million people (19.4million military and 22.6million civilians). In addition losses in the annexed territories were put at 2,000,000, Makhmut Gareev, Battles on the military historical front(in Russian), Moscow 2008. p.496. 7,000,000 Number of Americans lost if 2.5% of the American population died in a war today. Some, like theSoviet Union(USSR), were fundamentally reshaped. The Japanese had wanted to goad the United States into an agreement to lift the economic sanctions against them; instead, they had pushed their adversary into a global conflict that ultimately resulted in Japans first occupation by a foreign power. Indiadeclared war on Germany in September 1939. He pointed out that the reports from the field units did not include deaths in rear area hospitals of wounded and sick personnel. In total, around 19.5 million people were killed in China during the conflict. Some were born and died during the war, while the balance was never born. [3] These losses are a demographic estimate rather than an exact accounting. But the Japanese had failed to cripple the Pacific Fleet. Official records listed 101.7million registered voters and 94.0million actual voters, 7.7million less than the expected figure. Many never returned. In, National WWII Museum, und Various sources. The Japanese government believed that the only way to solve its economic and demographic problems was to expand into its neighbors territory and take over its import market. . Irrecoverable losses add down to (5,184,749 killed in action, 534,273 non-combat deaths and 4,452,346 POWs and missing). They demanded that the Russian government reinvestigate the matter. Leningrad was siegedfrom September 1941 to January 1944, resulting in 600,000 to a million deaths, mostly due to starvation.
Nanjing Massacre | History, Summary & Facts | Britannica Statista. That caveat aside, the most up-to-date estimates calculate that between 70 million and 85 people died in World War II. Instead, the sanctions made the Japanese more determined to stand their ground. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. All Rights Reserved. Many deaths were caused by war crimes committed by German and Japanese forces in occupied territories. (Some had returned to the mainland and others were delivering planes to troops on Midway and Wake Islands.). Figures in this statistic may not corroborate figures on other statistics on the platform due to variations per source. For instance, from March 9 to March 10, 1945, American aircraft dropped incendiary bombs over Tokyo.
New data shows how many Russian soldiers have died in Ukraine | AP News Countries with the highest fertility rates 2023, Urbanization in the United States 1790 to 2050, Historical population of the continents 10,000BCE-2000CE. In summary, the Dutch East Indies experienced 3.5 million fatalities during the Second World War, most of whom were civilians.
Has India's contribution to WW2 been ignored? - BBC News The bombing was .
Civil War Statistics | Facing History & Ourselves [126] The Russian scholar Dmitri Volkogonov, writing at this, time estimated total war deaths at 2627,000,000, including 10,000,000 in the military. The Russian researcher L L Rybakovsky assumes that the source of Nikita Khrushchev's figure of 20 million war dead was the 1957 Soviet translation,(, 6.390 million exterminated; 2.8 million forced labor; 8.5 million famine and disease, 11.3 million exterminated; 3.0 forced labor; 6.5 million famine and disease, Lorimer's hypothetical figures, not an estimate, for territory in the 1939 borders put the total demographic loss at 20.0 million. Briefly, by way of definitions, casualties include both injuries and deaths, whereas fatalities are just deaths. Estimates assert that his policies resulted in between 100,000 to 400,000 Jewish deaths. By the 1940s, battleships were no longer the most important naval vessel: Aircraft carriers were, and as it happened, all of the Pacific Fleets carriers were away from the base on December 7. Among the Soviet Union's 15 republics, Russia withstood the highest number of casualties, with 6,750,000 military deaths and 7,200,000 civilian deaths. According to Andreev, Darski and Kharkova (ADK) the total population loss due to the war was 26.6million (19411945). All AgesThe excess deaths of 13,489,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses with regular forces as well partisan forces. President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed a joint session of the U.S. Congress on December 8, the day after the crushing attack on Pearl Harbor. [133] In 1991, the Russian scholar A.A. Shevyakov published an article with summary of civilian losses based on his analysis of the archival records of the Soviet Extraordinary State Commission, civilian dead were given as 17.7million. [10] Makhmut Gareev, former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR, maintains that the published information on Soviet casualties is the work of the individual authors and not based on official data. FILE - A Russian soldier killed during combats against Ukrainian army lies on a corn field in Sytnyaky, on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, Sunday, March 27, 2022. .: , 1990, . Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955. How Many People Died in Pearl Harbor? Congress approved Roosevelts declaration of war on Japan, https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/pearl-harbor. In accordance with the Allied agreement made at the Yalta Conference, millions of POWs and civilians were used as forced labor by the Soviet Union. Population estimates for mid-1941 range from 191.8 to 200.1million, while the population at the end of 1945 range from 167.0million up to 170.6million. [20] Filimoshin estimated that civilian forced laborer deaths in Germany totaled 2.1million. Assess the losses and damages of World War II. [h] In a second article in 1992, A.A. Shevyakov gave a figure of 20.8million civilian dead;[i] no explanation for the difference was given. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. From 1989 to 1996 he was an associate of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defence. [3][4][5] This includes 8,668,400 military deaths as calculated by the Russian Ministry of Defence. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan, Matt Mullen and Christian Zapata. Based on the pre-war birth rate, the population shortfall was about 20million births in 1946. Russian historian Vadim Erlikman pegs total war deaths at 10.7million, exceeding Krivosheev's 8.7million by an extra two million. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In cases where the source gave a range of fatality estimates the middle value has been taken for display purposes (e.g. Despite being the main aggressor in the European war, Germany still suffered an immense number of casualties. Germany and the Soviet Union invadedPolandin September 1939. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The authors maintain that both Stalin and Hitler "were both responsible but in different ways" for these deaths. They believe that the total of expected voters should be increased by 10.5million because the roll of voters excluded those deprived of their rights, in prison or in exile. Dyadkin was imprisoned for publishing this study in the west.[140].
Military analysts say in five weeks Ukrainian forces have liberated nearly the same amount of territory Russia captured in six months. That estimate equates to roughly 3-3.7% of Earth's population at the time. Did you know? The Soviets also participated in their share of war crimes. In a live broadcast of 16 December 2010, A Conversation with Vladimir Putin, he maintained that the Russian Federation had suffered the greatest proportional losses in World War II70 percent of the total. 3549The excess deaths of 5,358,000 males compared to females was due primarily to military losses. Allies: Bombing and World War Two Axis powers: Mikhalev excludes 403,000 Construction troops whose casualties were not included in the field reports and 437,000 imprisoned after sentencing already deducted in number of discharged, Mikhalev maintains that they were military operational losses that should be included with total casualties. Russian demographer Rybakovsky found a wide range of estimates for total war dead. [45] In a 1999 article Krivosheev noted that after the war 180,000 liberated POWs did not return to the USSR and most likely settled in other countries, Krivosheev did not mention this in the English language translation of his study. Military and civilian casualties of the Soviet Union in World War II, Population pyramid before and after the Second World War (ADK), Toggle Total population losses subsection, Toggle Summary of the estimates and their sources subsection, World War II casualties of the Soviet Union. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation.
World War II by country - Wikipedia [107], (B) According to a Belarusian military historian, Doctor of History, professor V. Lemeshonok, the Belarusian military casualties, including partisans and underground group members, exceed 682,291. Meanwhile, a former US military leader says he doesn't think . National WWII Museum, & Various sources. This nation could not restore its population even under 1959 census. Most notably, theNanjingMassacre occurred from December 1937 to January 1938, in which Japanese soldiers murdered between 40,000 to 300,000 Chinese civilians. Allied military planners faced a bitter truth as they planned for a possible invasion of Japan: there were no distinctions between soldiers and civilians. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 1000+ markets in 190+ countries & territories, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 39,000+ online stores and marketplaces. The schedule below summarizes Soviet casualties from 1941 to 1945. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. [98][g] Leonid Brezhnev in 1965 put the Soviet death toll in the war at "more than 20 million"[103] Ivan Konev in a May 1965 Soviet Ministry of Defense press conference stated that Soviet military dead in World War II were 10million. Using information supplied by the Registrar-General and local authorities an initial list of 43,000 names . According to historian Zhifen Ju, at least five million Chinese civilians from northern China and Manchukuo were enslaved between 1935 and 1941 by the East Asia Development Board, or Kain, for work in mines and war industries. [12] Some Russian scholars put the total number of losses in the war, both civilian and military, at over 40million. The battle resulted in over a million Soviet casualties. Army Group North attacked Leningrad, Army Group Center attacked Moscow, and Army Group South attacked Ukraine, followed by the Caucasus. In all, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor crippled or destroyed nearly 20 American ships and more than 300 airplanes. The US Library of Congress estimates that in Java, between 4 and 10 million rmusha (Japanese: manual laborers), were forced to work by the Japanese military. This followed the German invasion of the Netherlands the previous year. Many civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass-bombings, disease, and starvation. However, as China was also amidst a civil war, its weakened nationalist government was largely ineffective militarily. [132] In March 1989, Mikhail Gorbachev established a committee to investigate Soviet war losses. According to Ivlev. The charred, mutilated bodies of women, children and babies are all civilians who perished during the allies' bombing campaign against Germany's cities. Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941.
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